Kenyan families wanting their daughters to undergo ritual
genital cutting are increasingly arranging for it to be done secretly at night
to avoid arrest, campaigners said at a major women's rights conference. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is illegal in Kenya, which
is widely seen as leading the way in efforts to eradicate the internationally
condemned practice. Linah Jebii Kilimo, chairwoman of Kenya's Anti-FGM Board,
said the government would introduce an FGM hotline this year that people could
call if they thought a girl was about to be cut.
"There are changing trends in Kenya because of the
law," Kilimo said. "People no longer perform the [public] ceremonies, they
cut girls at night. Some bring medical personnel to do it in their homes,"
she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation at the Women Deliver conference in
Copenhagen.
About a quarter of girls and women in Kenya have undergone
FGM, which involves the partial or total removal of the external genitalia. Kilimo said many still see it as an important part of their
culture, crucial for social acceptance and increasing their daughters' marriage
prospects.
Officials attacked
Campaigners said although FGM is becoming increasingly
secretive in many places, some communities, including the Kuria and Pokot in
the west, still carry out FGM with very public celebrations. "In some parts of Kenya, it happens in the early hours
of the morning. But in Kuria, it happens in broad daylight with dancing and
singing," said Tony Mwebia, an anti-FGM campaigner in the region where FGM
is almost universal. "There's no way the police can arrest the whole
community."
Kilimo said a government administrator’s house was burned
down last year in Kuria because he tried to enforce the law. Another official
was shot at for trying to stop a cutting ceremony in the Kipsigis community in
the Rift Valley highlands. "We have these defiant communities, of course, but we
say that the law will catch up with them," said Kilimo, a former
government minister.
Kenya has set up a dedicated team of 20 prosecutors to deal
with cases of FGM and child marriage, but Kilimo said prosecutions must go hand
in hand with education.
"You have to transform people's mindset on how they
perceive a person who is not circumcised because there is a lot of
stigmatization," she said. "People fear being ostracised. Parents
say, 'I have to do this for my child. I don't want my child to lead a lonely
life, to be laughed at.'"
She said there were even cases where parents had decided not
to cut their daughters, but the daughters later were forced to undergo FGM by
their husbands who feared being excluded from men's meetings for having married
"a child" – an uncut woman.
Kilimo described FGM, which affects around 200 million girls
and women worldwide, as the worst form of gender-based violence.
She said the hotline would be particularly helpful in
stopping FGM in Kenya's more remote regions, which have mobile phone access. "Almost everyone in Kenya has a handset. It will
increase surveillance," she added. Some 5,500 delegates from over 160 countries are attending
the Women Deliver conference which ends on Thursday. Courtesy of the Thomson Reuters
Foundation
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